[tense music playing]
[male narrator] This is the biggest pack
of gray sharks on Earth.
Seven hundred of them.
These awesome predators
gather under the full moon
for a single purpose:
to feed.
Now, a team of scientists is diving in,
using state-of-the-art tech
to capture the epic hunt
like never before,
and find out what really goes on
inside this massive shark swarm.
Seven hundred gray sharks
live in the middle of the vast
Pacific Ocean,
around an island invisible from space,
about 250 miles from the island of Tahiti,
the atoll of Fakarava.
The atoll is a ring of coral
pierced by breaches
that link the lagoon to the ocean.
The deepest of these
are called "channels."
Hidden away in Fakarava's
southernmost channel
is the world's densest population
of gray reef sharks.
700 of them live right here
in this valley of coral,
classified as a UNESCO biosphere reserve.
Much of their behavior is a mystery.
What attracts them here
in such huge numbers?
Are there leaders whom the rest follow?
[indistinct chatter]
A team of more than
20 divers and scientists
are here to find out.
Leading the team is biologist
and photographer Laurent Ballesta.
[indistinct chatter]
Laurent and his team
have been here before,
four years ago, to check out rumors
of vast schools of thousands of groupers
coming here to reproduce
during the June full moon,
which acts as a signal to them
to start laying their eggs.
The rumor was true.
The Fakarava channel is the site
of one of the largest aggregations
in the world,
17,000 groupers.
Inevitably, they drew the sharks.
There were so many of the predators
that the team kept counting
and recounting them.
One camera traveled the whole
length of the southern channel,
about half a mile.
The footage revealed
an astonishing count of 700;
705 to be precise.
That's the highest density
anyone's ever seen.
Laurent and his team's curiosity
is stronger than their fear.
They decided to scout
the location at night,
amidst hundreds of sharks.
[in French] What we observed,
when we discovered these grounds,
was that during the day, the sharks
that were clustered at mid-depth
would suddenly swim to the bottom,
and start raiding hither and thither
at the bottom of the pass.
We didn't dare get close to them.
We stayed above, 10 meters above them.
We filmed them from afar, with our knees
curled up near our shoulders.
We were terrified to let
anything dangle near those jaws.
The water was seething with sharks,
an impenetrable ball of them.
[rustling]
We started daring to dive a little deeper,
on the edges.
Maintaining a distance,
but a little closer to the bottom.
It was still impenetrable. What goes on,
in the very center of the pack
when we're around it?
Filming at that depth, once in a while
we would get nudged by the sharks.
[grunting]
Damn!
We realized that we weren't targets
we were just obstacles.
[grunting, yelling]
Damn!
That's when we figured there was
a semblance of a social system.
We began to suspect we were
seeing various predatory strategies.
We had a hunch...
It aroused our intuition.
I thought, let's test this hunch.
Let's see if it's scientific fact.
[narrator] Laurent hopes to prove
that the sharks are
much smarter than we think.
The next few days are critical:
the June full moon will trigger
the grouper gathering.
That's when the sharks
will go on the rampage.
The moon is a ticking clock
for both the scientists and the fish;
a countdown to a massacre.
[loud explosion]
700 sharks aren't gathering
at Fakarava by chance.
They're here because of
the history of this island.
Knowing the geological past
reveals the biological present.
Fakarava was born around
70 million years ago.
[rumbling]
No sooner had the volcano surged up
from the depths of the Pacific Ocean
than the reefs started
colonizing its shoreline.
Soon the island was surrounded
by a ring of coral.
In the north,
the freshwater from the rivers
stopped the coral from growing there,
which left a gap in the reef
almost two miles wide.
Its fires extinct,
over the next two million years,
the volcano disappeared,
while the reef kept on growing.
But it still bears the imprint
of the ancient rivers:
the channels.
The pass in the north
takes the brunt of the tides,
so the residual current that reaches
the south channel here is gentle.
This easy current is a real boon.
It's weak enough for the coral to develop,
and provides shelter for fish,
yet it's strong enough to allow
a constant flow of food for everyone.
[soft instrumental music playing]
Sharks thrive in this current, too.
By day they use it to rest;
by night they use it to hunt.
This perfectly adapted current
is the first clue
to understanding why sharks gather here.
[birds calling]
But to see the whole picture,
Laurent needs to dissect
the predators' movements.
He's tasked three scientists
to create a 3D model
to help him do just that.
They'll begin by placing antennas
down at the bottom of the pass.
[Yannis Papastamatiou]
The strength of the current isn't equal.
If we know approximately where they are
in the channel, and how active they are,
and we have some understanding
of current strength,
then we can really see
how their behavior varies.
[Charlie Huveneers]
Based on the range of testing we did,
we probably need to space the
receivers about 100 meters apart.
[Johann Mourier] Yeah. Exactly.
[Huveneers] Right now
we're trying to find the best position
for these acoustic receivers
to make sure that we are going
to get the tagged shark
where the sharks are spending
most of their time,
so on the hot spots around the walls.
Uh, but also, where they're going to be,
uh, hunting at night
so we can compare the activity
during the day and the night.
[Mourier] We have a big school
of sharks usually staying here,
all along this place.
So, all these receivers
can get, uh, the detection.
[Huveneers, off screen] Cool.
We'll just have to deploy them now.
[tense instrumental music playing]
[narrator] They have to get
government permission
to install 25 antennas,
since the sharks here
are protected by law.
[Papastamatiou] 22 is 101799.
113122.
[narrator] But installing
25 antennas is the easy part.
[Papastamatiou] 115334.
[narrator] The next step is to
equip 40 sharks
with electronic chips, so they
can track their every move.
[tense instrumental music playing]
The gray sharks are keeping
their distance;
like the divers, they're cautious.
These predators are also prey
to 13-foot-long hammerheads.
[dramatic music playing]
[grunting]
[dramatic instrumental music playing]
[Papastamatiou] Good with that,
so we have the VHF works just fine.
[narrator] With the antennas installed,
it's time to figure out
how to plant the chips
in the sharks' abdomens.
The chips will let the scientists know
exactly when the predators go into action;
whether they sometimes leave the channel;
and if all 700 act as one,
or independently.
[Huveneers] It's pretty handy
to have a shark right here.
[Mourier] Yeah.
[narrator] If everything goes as planned,
they'll be able to track
the movements of each shark.
And the team has another tool
at its disposal:
a spy camera covered in sensors,
ready to be attached to a shark.
[Papastamatiou]
Well, let's try it and see.
[narrator] This is Yannis's first
dive at night
into the middle of the pack.
He and Laurent are going to test placing
the spy camera on a shark
using a surprising technique.
But the sharks may not cooperate.
[narrator] Scientists in
the Pacific atoll of Fakarava
have to work in the dark,
because the sharks are
too cautious during the day,
and unapproachable.
At night, they're emboldened by the hunt.
[dramatic music playing]
Research has shown that turning
a shark over on its back
puts it into a hypnotized,
cataleptic state.
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